Circuits, architectures, apparatuses, systems, algorithms, methods, and software for wireless arbiter power saving

ABSTRACT

Circuits, architectures, systems, methods, algorithms, and software and/or firmware for arbitrating media access requests from multiple wireless communication protocol components. Exemplary circuits include a request processing circuit configured to set a positive media access grant output for a first one of the wireless component before entering a power saving mode of operation, determine a waking media access state of the first wireless component while exiting the power saving mode of operation, and process media access requests from the wireless components the waking media access state of the first wireless component. Embodiments of present invention advantageously provide for more reliable arbitration of media access requests from multiple wireless communication protocol components during and after power saving modes of operation.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.60/970,640, filed Sep. 7, 2007, the contents of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to the field of wirelesscommunication. More specifically, embodiments of the present inventionpertain to circuits, architectures, systems, methods, algorithms, andsoftware and/or firmware for arbitrating media access requests frommultiple wireless communication protocol components.

BACKGROUND

Unlicensed radio spectrum such as the industrial, scientific, andmedical (ISM) radio bands are used for an increasing number of wirelessapplications using a variety of standards and protocols. Often, a singledevice is desired to operate using two or more of these standards and/orprotocols in the same radio band. For example, in the 2.4 GHz ISM band adevice may access a wireless personal area network (WPAN) using aprotocol such as Bluetooth as well as a wireless local area network(WLAN) using a protocol such as one of the IEEE 802.11 or “Wi-Fi”protocols.

WPAN protocols such as Bluetooth are generally designed forcable-replacement applications such as wireless headsets, wirelesssynchronization of personal digital assistants (PDAs) with computers,wireless peripherals such as printers or keyboards, etc. Most Bluetoothimplementations support a range of up to approximately 10 m and speedsof up to 700 Kb/sec for data or isochronous voice transmission.Bluetooth can typically support “piconets” of up to eight activedevices, with a maximum of three synchronous-connection-oriented (SCO)links. SCO links are designed to support real-time, isochronousapplications such as cordless telephony or headsets. Bluetooth alsosupports asynchronous connection links (ACLs) that are used to exchangedata in non-time-critical applications. The Bluetooth physical (PHY)layer uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) at a rate of 1600hops/sec and Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) modulation.Bluetooth devices typically transmit at a power level of about 1 mW witha raw data rate of approximately 1 Mb/sec.

WLAN protocols include the IEEE 802.11 and/or Wi-Fi family of standardsfor wireless networking between computers and/or other devices. WLANprotocols generally provide for longer distances (100 m or more) andhigher data rates (e.g., 11 Mb/sec, 54 Mb/sec, or more) than WPANprotocols. WLANs are commonly used for internet access, e-mail, filesharing, etc. Like Ethernet, Wi-Fi supports true multipoint networkingwith such data types as broadcast, multicast, and unicast packets. TheMAC address built into every device allows a virtually unlimited numberof devices to be active in a given network. These devices contend foraccess to the airwaves using a scheme called carrier sense multipleaccess with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). The Wi-Fi physical layer usesdirect-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) at four different data ratesusing a combination of differential binary phase-shift keying (DBPSK)for 1 Mb/sec, differential quaternary phase-shift keying (DQPSK) for 2Mb/sec, and QPSK/complementary code keying (CCK) for 5.5 and 11 Mb/sec.The RF power level can vary, but is typically between 30 and 100 mW intypical WLAN devices.

WPAN and WLAN are generally complementary rather than competingtechnologies. In particular, coexistence of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devicesis increasingly desired. Because both technologies occupy the 2.4 GHzfrequency band, there is potential for interference between the twotechnologies. The coexistence of two wireless applications such asBluetooth and Wi-Fi in the same radio band, but with different channelaccess protocols, requires particular attention to simultaneousoperation of both systems in very close proximity.

If Bluetooth and Wi-Fi operate at the same time in the same place, theywill interfere (collide) with each other. Specifically, these systemstransmit on overlapping frequencies, creating in-band colored noise forone another. The sidebands of each transmission must also be accountedfor. Interference between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi may occur, for example,when a Wi-Fi receiver senses a Bluetooth signal at the same time a Wi-Fisignal is being sent to it or when a Bluetooth receiver senses a Wi-Fisignal at the same time a Bluetooth signal is being sent to it.

One solution is to use a Bluetooth coexistence arbiter (BCA) as a mediaaccess control (MAC) layer to perform synchronization between thedifferent protocols, and ensure that bandwidth over the shared spectrumis allocated in a non-concurrent yet fair basis. Such a solution wouldeliminate any potential conflict and still maintain inherent linkperformance attributes. FIG. 1 shows an exemplary wireless device 100with WLAN component 101 and Bluetooth component 102. WLAN component 101and Bluetooth component 102 generally send media access requests tomedia access controller 103, which applies arbitration rules todetermine whether to allow a media access grant and to provide theprotocol components 101 and 102 with access to the antenna system forreceiving and/or transmitting.

In some coexistence implementations the BCA may reside in the WLANsubsystem while an external Bluetooth component (which may, for example,comprise a separate logical component of the same integrated circuitdevice as the BCA and/or the WLAN or may be located on a separateintegrated circuit device) communicates via an interface to requestmedium access. As a result, when the WLAN component enters a WLANpower-save mode, both the WLAN component and the integrated BCAcomponent may enter a sleep or other power saving mode of operation(e.g., by gating one or more clock signals, removing core voltage, etc.)for relatively long intervals (typically 100 ms) between waking periods.When the BCA shares the same clock and power domain as WLAN, the BCA mayhave a blind period during the WLAN power-save interval and be unawareof any Bluetooth activity. The Bluetooth link may be dropped ifBluetooth is denied media access during the WLAN power-save interval.

One solution to this problem is for the BCA to “force” a media accessgrant to the Bluetooth component just prior to entering the WLANpower-save mode. This resolves the problem of dropping the Bluetoothlink during the WLAN power-save mode. However, upon WLAN wakeup, the BCAmay be in an unknown state. If the BCA removes the forced Bluetoothgrant, it may disrupt an ongoing Bluetooth activity. If this occursoften, as when the WLAN repeatedly wakes to listen for beacons thenreturns to sleep mode during the sleep interval, then there will beperiodic disruptions to the Bluetooth link.

It may therefore be advantageous to arbitrate grant requests after thearbiter wakes from a sleep state based on media access activity thatoccurs at or before the time when the arbiter wakes from the sleepstate.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to circuitry,architectures, systems, methods, algorithms, and software and/orfirmware for arbitrating media access requests from multiple wirelesscomponents. The wireless components may include components that areconfigured to process radio frequency (RF) input and/or RF outputsignals according to different wireless communication protocols.Specific embodiments relate to Bluetooth and/or wireless local areanetwork (WLAN) components, but it will be recognized that the operationsand concepts presented herein are applicable to a wide variety ofcoexisting wireless protocol components.

Exemplary circuits include a request processing circuit configured toset a positive media access grant output for a first one of the wirelesscomponents before entering a power saving mode of operation, determine awaking media access state of the first wireless component while exitingthe power saving mode of operation, and process media access requestsbased on the waking media access state of the first wireless component.

In exemplary embodiments, the wireless components include wireless localarea network (WLAN) components and/or Bluetooth components. The requestprocessing circuit may be configured to enter the sleep mode ofoperation in response to a power mode of one or more of the wirelesscomponents. Thus, where a second one of the wireless componentscomprises a WLAN component, the request processing circuit may enter thepower saving mode of operation in response to a sleep mode of the WLANcomponent during a delivery traffic indication message (DTIM) intervaland/or a wake mode of the WLAN component, (e.g., when the WLAN protocolcomponent is configured to wake up to listen for a DTIM beacon). In afurther embodiment, the request processing circuit may be configured topre-assert a WLAN grant request (e.g., without receiving a grant requestfrom the WLAN component) to listen for the DTIM beacon when waking up.

In another embodiment, the request processing circuit is configured tooperate in a shared clock domain with one or more of the protocolcomponents (e.g. a WLAN component). Thus, one or more clock signals inthe clock domain may be stopped during the power saving mode ofoperation, thereby conserving power in both the protocol component andthe request processing circuit.

In some embodiments, the waking media access state of the first (e.g.,non-sleeping) wireless component comprises a presence and/or absence ofsignal activity between the second protocol component and an antenna, adirection of the signal activity (e.g., transmit and/or receive), and/ora priority of the signal activity. In a further embodiment the requestprocessing circuit is further configured to process the media accessgrant requests according to a first arbitration protocol (e.g., a set ofrules for granting and/or denying media access) when signal activity ispresent and according to a second arbitration protocol when there is nosignal activity at the time of waking. For example, when signal activityis present, the arbitration protocol may include favoring access by thefirst protocol component (e.g., to allow a transmission and/or receptionactivity to complete). In another embodiment the request processingcircuit may be configured to arbitrate the media access requestsaccording to the second arbitration protocol (e.g., a normalarbitrations protocol) after the signal activity ends.

The circuit may also include a signal activity monitoring circuitconfigured to monitor signal activity between the first protocolcomponent and an antenna. In some embodiments, the signal activitymonitoring circuit may be configured to operate during the power savingmode of operation of the request processing circuit (e.g., to monitorthe direction, priority, and/or other properties of the signalactivity), and the request processing circuit may be configured todetermine the waking media access state based on an output of the signalactivity monitoring circuit.

In other embodiments, the signal activity monitoring circuit may beconfigured to store information about the signal activity in a memoryduring the power saving mode of operation of the request processingcircuit and to sleep during a normal mode of operation of the requestprocessing circuit. A further embodiment includes an analysis circuitconfigured to analyze the stored information to predict the waking mediaaccess state. Alternatively, the waking media access state may bepredicted based on a Bluetooth data link type and/or a Bluetooth profilesupported by the Bluetooth protocol component.

Exemplary methods for arbitrating media access include steps of settinga positive media access grant indicator for a first one of the wirelesscomponents before entering the power saving mode of operationdetermining a waking media access state of the first wireless componentwhile exiting the power saving mode of operation, and processing mediaaccess requests from the wireless components based on the waking mediaaccess state of the first wireless component.

The architectures and/or systems generally comprise those that include acircuit or other device embodying one or more of the inventive conceptsdisclosed herein. Embodiments of the present invention may include oneor more integrated circuit devices (e.g., general purposemicroprocessors, system-on-chip [SOC] devices, application specificintegrated circuits [ASICs], etc.) or other apparatuses that include thecircuits and/or perform the operations described herein. Such integratedcircuit devices may also include, for example, one or more of thewireless communication protocol components, and/or an antenna pathswitch circuit configured to enable antenna paths in response to themedia access grant outputs. For example, an integrated circuit devicemay include an arbitration circuit and one of the protocol components,while a second integrated circuit device may include the other protocolcomponent.

The software may include one or more computer-readable medium comprisingcomputer-readable instructions adapted to perform the operationsdisclosed herein. Similarly, embodiments of the present invention mayinclude one or more programmable devices configured to perform theoperations described herein, and/or computer-readable media includinginstructions adapted to configure such a programmable device to performthese operations.

Embodiments of present invention advantageously provide for morereliable arbitration of media access requests from multiple wirelesscommunication protocol components during and after power saving modes ofoperation.

These and other advantages of the present invention will become readilyapparent from the detailed description of embodiments below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a multi-protocol wireless communicationdevice.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary embodiment of a multi-protocolwireless communication device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an exemplary embodiment of a method forarbitrating media access requests from multiple wireless protocolcomponents.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of an exemplary wireless local area network (WLAN)and Bluetooth coexistence arbiter.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a method forarbitrating media access requests from a WLAN component and a Bluetoothcomponent.

FIGS. 6A-6F are diagrams showing exemplary systems in which the presentinvention may be used.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention,examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whilethe invention will be described in conjunction with the embodiments, itwill be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention tothese embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to coveralternatives, modifications and equivalents that may be included withinthe spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the embodiments ofthe present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in orderto provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the presentinvention. However, it will be readily apparent to one skilled in theart that the embodiments of the present invention may be practicedwithout these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods,procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detailso as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments of thepresent invention.

Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented interms of processes, procedures, logic blocks, functional blocks,processing, and other symbolic representations of operations on databits, data streams or waveforms within a computer, processor, controllerand/or memory. These descriptions and representations are generally usedby those skilled in the data processing arts to effectively convey thesubstance of their work to others skilled in the art. A process,procedure, logic block, function, operation, etc., is herein, and isgenerally, considered to be a self-consistent sequence of steps orinstructions leading to a desired and/or expected result. The stepsgenerally include physical manipulations of physical quantities.Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form ofelectrical, magnetic, optical, or quantum signals capable of beingstored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated in acomputer, data processing system, or logic circuit. It has provenconvenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to referto these signals as bits, waves, waveforms, streams, values, elements,symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merelyconvenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specificallystated otherwise and/or as is apparent from the following discussions,it is appreciated that throughout the present application, discussionsutilizing terms such as “processing,” “operating,” “computing,”“calculating,” “determining,” “manipulating,” “transforming,”“displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of acomputer, data processing system, logic circuit or similar processingdevice (e.g., an electrical, optical, or quantum computing or processingdevice), that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical(e.g., electronic) quantities. The terms refer to actions, operationsand/or processes of the processing devices that manipulate or transformphysical quantities within the component(s) of a system or architecture(e.g., registers, memories, other such information storage, transmissionor display devices, etc.) into other data similarly represented asphysical quantities within other components of the same or a differentsystem or architecture.

Furthermore, for the sake of convenience and simplicity, the terms“clock,” “time,” “rate,” “period” and “frequency” are generally usedinterchangeably herein, but are generally given their art-recognizedmeanings. Also, for convenience and simplicity, the terms “data,” “datastream,” “waveform” and “information” may be used interchangeably, asmay the terms “connected to,” “coupled with,” “coupled to,” and “incommunication with” (which terms also refer to direct and/or indirectrelationships between the connected, coupled and/or communicationelements unless the context of the term's use unambiguously indicatesotherwise), but these terms are also generally given theirart-recognized meanings.

The invention, in its various aspects, will be explained in greaterdetail below with regard to exemplary embodiments.

An Exemplary Multi-Protocol Media Access Architecture

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary architecture 200 for arbitrating media accessrequests from wireless protocol components 201 and 202. Each of theprotocol components 201 and 202 is generally configured to process radiofrequency (RF) input and/or RF output signals according to differentwireless communication protocols. The wireless communication protocolsmay include, for example, wireless personal area network (WPAN)protocols, wireless local area network (WLAN) protocols, wireless widearea network (WWAN) protocols, etc. Architecture 200 is particularlyadvantageous for arbitrating media access requests when protocolcomponents 201 and 202 operate in the same RF bands and/or in RF bandsthat potentially interfere with each other.

Architecture 200 includes request processing circuit 210. Requestprocessing circuit 210 includes arbiter 211 for processing media accessrequests from protocol components 201 and 202 (e.g., media accessrequests received at inputs 221 and/or 223) and setting media accessgrants (e.g., at media grant outputs 231 to 234) based on arbitrationrules for the protocol components. In response to the media grantoutputs, antenna path switch 204 switches transmit signals from protocolcomponent 201 and/or second protocol component 202 to antenna 205 and/orreceive signals from antenna 205 to one or more of the protocolcomponents.

Request processing circuit 210 is generally configured to enter a powersaving mode of operation in response to a power state of first protocolcomponent 201 (e.g., in response to input signal 222) and to set apositive media access grant output for second protocol component 202before entering a power saving mode of operation. When requestprocessing circuit 210 exits the power saving mode of operation (e.g.,in response to a wake state of first protocol component 201), requestprocessing circuit 210 determines a waking media access state of thesecond protocol component 202 (e.g., from signal activity monitor 212).If the second protocol component 202 is in an active state, then arbiter211 may be configured to enter a “wake” state and to apply a differentset of arbitration rules (e.g., to allow the second protocol component202 to remain active unless the first protocol component 201 has a highpriority request).

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary method 300 of arbitrating media accessrequests in response to power saving modes. At step 301, arbiter 211processes media access requests based on normal arbitration rules forthe protocol components. At step 302, arbiter 211 determines whether toenter a power saving mode of operation. For example, if arbiter 211shares a power and/or clock domain with one of the protocol components(e.g., first protocol component 201), then arbiter 211 may enter a powersaving mode in response to the component entering a sleep mode at step350. At step 310, arbiter 211 sets a media access grant (e.g., to allowtransmit and receive access) for the non-sleeping protocol component(e.g., protocol component 202), then enters the power saving mode atstep 311.

At step 312, arbiter 211 exits the power saving mode (e.g., in responseto the host component waking from sleep). At step 320, arbiter 211determines whether the non-sleeping component has signal activity. Forexample, request processing circuit 210 may include signal activitymonitor 212, which may be configured to determine whether signalactivity between second protocol component 202 and antenna 205 isoccurring at the time when arbiter 211 wakes. Thus, when arbiter 211wakes it may query signal activity monitor 212 to determine whethersecond protocol component 202 is active. If signal activity is detectedat step 320, then arbiter 211 may apply the “wake” state arbitrationrules at step 321. Arbiter 211 may return to normal arbitration at step301 after the waking signal activity has ended. Alternatively, arbiter211 may return directly to sleep mode at step 311.

In an alternative embodiment, request processing circuit 210 may includeand/or may be in communication with a signal activity monitor 212 thatdoes not sleep, and which may listen for signal activity from secondprotocol component 202 while arbiter 211 and/or other components ofrequest processing circuit 210 are in a sleeping mode (e.g., while aclock domain shared by first protocol component 201 and requestprocessing circuit 210 is disabled). Thus, when arbiter 211 wakes it mayquery signal activity monitor 212 to determine whether second protocolcomponent 202 is active, as well as determine information about thesignal activity that might only be determinable by monitoring the signalactivity during the sleep mode. In such an embodiment, the “wake”arbitration rules may be more finely tuned to the type of signalactivity taking place. For example, the “wake” arbitration rules maymake media access decisions based on direction (e.g., transmit orreceive), priority, transfer type, mode of operation, required latency,and/or other characteristics of the waking signal activity.

Signal activity monitor 212 may, for example, be configured to storeinformation about the signal activity in a memory during a normal modeof operation of request processing circuit 210 and/or to sleep duringthe power saving mode of operation of request processing circuit 210.Request processing circuit 210 may also include an analysis circuitconfigured to analyze the stored information to predict the waking mediaaccess state.

An Exemplary WLAN/Bluetooth Coexistence Arbiter

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary coexistence arbiter 400 for arbitrating mediaaccess requests from a WLAN protocol component 401 and a Bluetoothcomponent 402. Architecture 400 includes arbiter 411 for processingmedia access requests from WLAN component 401 and Bluetooth component402 and setting media access grants (e.g., at media grant outputs 431 to434) based on arbitration rules designed for the WLAN and Bluetoothprotocols. In response to the media grant outputs, antenna path switch404 switches transmitted signals from WLAN component 401 and/orBluetooth component 402 to antenna 405 and/or received signals fromantenna 405 to one or more of the protocol components.

Arbiter 411 may be configured to operate in the same clock and/or powerdomain 410 as WLAN component 401. Thus, one or more clock and/or powersignals in the clock domain may be stopped during the power saving modeof operation, thereby conserving power in both WLAN component 401 andarbiter 411. Arbiter 411 is generally configured to enter a power savingmode of operation in response to a power state WLAN component 401 and toset a positive media access grant output for Bluetooth component 402before entering a power saving mode of operation. When arbiter 411 exitsthe power saving mode of operation (e.g., in response to a wake state ofWLAN component 401), it may determine a waking media access state ofBluetooth component 402 (e.g., from signal activity monitor 412). If theBluetooth component 402 is in an active state, then arbiter 411 may beconfigured enter a “wake” state and to apply a different set ofarbitration rules (e.g., to allow the Bluetooth component 402 to remainactive unless the WLAN component 401 has a high priority request).

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary method 500 of arbitrating media accessrequests between WLAN and Bluetooth components in response to powersaving modes. At step 501, arbiter 411 processes media access requestsbased on normal arbitration rules. At step 502, arbiter 411 determineswhether to enter a power saving mode of operation. For example, WLANcomponent 401 may enter a sleep mode during a delivery trafficindication message (DTIM) interval at step 550. At step 510, arbiter 411sets a media access grant (e.g., to allow transmit and receive access)for Bluetooth component 402, then enters the power saving mode at step511.

At step 520, the Bluetooth signal activity is monitored. Step 520 may beperformed either during the sleep mode or while waking from the sleepmode, as described herein with respect to signal activity monitor 412 ofFIG. 4. At step 512, arbiter 411 exits the power saving mode (e.g., whenWLAN component 401 is configured to wake up to listen for a DTIMbeacon). Alternatively, the waking media access state may be predictedand/or pre-asserted based on a Bluetooth data link type and/or aBluetooth profile supported by the Bluetooth component 402.

At step 513, the arbiter 411 determines whether the Bluetooth component402 has signal activity (e.g., from the results of step 520). If signalactivity is detected then at step 530 the arbiter 411 proceeds to applythe “wake” state arbitration rules at step 531. Arbiter 411 may returnto normal arbitration at step 501 after the waking signal activity hasended. Alternatively, arbiter 411 may return directly to sleep mode atstep 511.

Exemplary Software

Embodiments of the present invention also includes algorithms, computerprogram(s) and/or software, implementable and/or executable in a generalpurpose computer or workstation equipped with a conventional digitalsignal processor, configured to perform one or more steps of the methodand/or one or more operations of the hardware. Thus, a further aspect ofthe invention relates to algorithms and/or software that implement theabove method(s). For example, embodiments of the invention may furtherrelate to a computer program, computer-readable medium, or waveformcontaining a set of instructions which, when executed by an appropriateprocessing device (e.g., a signal processing device, such as amicrocontroller, microprocessor or DSP device), is configured to performthe above-described method and/or algorithm.

For example, the computer program may be on any kind of readable medium,and the computer-readable medium may comprise any medium that can beread by a processing device configured to read the medium and executecode stored thereon or therein, such as a floppy disk, CD-ROM, magnetictape or hard disk drive. Such code may comprise object code, source codeand/or binary code.

Exemplary waveforms are generally configured for transmission through anappropriate medium, such as copper wire, a conventional twisted pairwireline, a conventional network cable, a conventional optical datatransmission cable, or even air or a vacuum (e.g., outer space) forwireless signal transmissions.

The waveforms and/or code for implementing the present method(s) aregenerally digital, and are generally configured for processing by aconventional digital data processor (e.g., a microprocessor,microcontroller, or logic circuit such as a programmable gate array,programmable logic circuit/device or application-specific [integrated]circuit). The codes and/or instructions may directly implement theoperations described here. Alternatively, one or more of the codes orinstructions may be adapted to configure a device (e.g., a programmablecircuit device) to form the circuits and/or components and/or to performthe operations described herein.

Exemplary Systems

The architectures and/or systems generally comprise those that include acircuit or other device embodying one or more of the inventive conceptsdisclosed herein. Embodiments of the present invention may include oneor more integrated circuit devices (e.g., general purposemicroprocessors, system-on-chip [SOC] devices, application specificintegrated circuits [ASICs], etc.) or other apparatuses that include thecircuits and/or perform the operations described herein. Such integratedcircuit devices may also include, for example, one or more of thewireless communication protocol components, and/or an antenna pathswitch circuit configured to enable antenna paths in response to themedia access grant outputs. For example, an integrated circuit devicemay include an arbitration circuit and one of the protocol components,while a second integrated circuit device may include the other protocolcomponent.

Referring now to FIG. 6A, embodiments of the present invention can beimplemented in a high definition television (HDTV) 620. Embodiments ofthe present invention may implement either or both signal processingand/or control circuits, which are generally identified in FIG. 6C at622, a WLAN interface and/or mass data storage of the HDTV 620. The HDTV620 receives HDTV input signals in either a wired or wireless format andgenerates HDTV output signals for a display 626. In someimplementations, signal processing circuit and/or control circuit 622and/or other circuits (not shown) of the HDTV 620 may process data,perform coding and/or encryption, perform calculations, format dataand/or perform any other type of HDTV processing that may be required.

The HDTV 620 may communicate with mass data storage 627 that stores datain a nonvolatile manner such as optical and/or magnetic storage devices.The HDD may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having adiameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8″. The HDTV 620 may beconnected to memory 628 such as RAM, ROM, nonvolatile memory such asflash memory and/or other suitable electronic data storage. Embodimentsof the present invention may also implement one or more wirelesscommunication interfaces 629 for wireless local area networking (WLAN),wireless personal area networking (WPAN) and/or other wirelesscommunication.

Referring now to FIG. 6B, embodiments of the present invention mayimplement a control system of a vehicle 630, a wireless interface 648and/or mass data storage 646 of the vehicle control system. In someimplementations, embodiments of the present invention implement apowertrain control system 632 that receives inputs from one or moresensors such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, rotationalsensors, airflow sensors and/or any other suitable sensors and/or thatgenerates one or more output control signals such as engine operatingparameters, transmission operating parameters, and/or other controlsignals. Embodiments of the present invention may also implement one ormore wireless communication interfaces 648 for wireless local areanetworking (WLAN), wireless personal area networking (WPAN) and/or otherwireless communication.

Embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented in othercontrol systems 640 of the vehicle 630. The control system 640 maylikewise receive signals from input sensors 642 and/or output controlsignals to one or more output devices 644. In some implementations, thecontrol system 640 may be part of an anti-lock braking system (ABS), anavigation system, a telematics system, a vehicle telematics system, alane departure system, an adaptive cruise control system, a vehicleentertainment system such as a stereo, DVD, compact disc and the like.Still other implementations are contemplated.

The powertrain control system 632 may communicate with mass data storage646 that stores data in a nonvolatile manner. The mass data storage 646may include optical and/or magnetic storage devices (for example, harddisk drives [HDDs] and/or DVDs). The HDD may be a mini HDD that includesone or more platters having a diameter that is smaller thanapproximately 1.8″. The powertrain control system 632 may be connectedto memory 647 such as RAM, ROM, nonvolatile memory such as flash memoryand/or other suitable electronic data storage. The powertrain controlsystem 632 also may support connections with a WLAN via a WLAN networkinterface 648. The control system 640 may also include mass datastorage, memory and/or one or more wireless interfaces (all not shown).

Referring now to FIG. 6C, embodiments of the present invention can beimplemented in a cellular and/or mobile phone 650 that may include anantenna 651. Embodiments of the present invention may implement eitheror both signal processing and/or control circuits, which are generallyidentified in FIG. 6C at 652, a WLAN interface and/or mass data storageof the mobile phone 650. In some implementations, the phone 650 includesa microphone 656, an audio output 658 such as a speaker and/or audiooutput jack, a display 660 and/or an input device 662 such as a keypad,pointing device, voice actuation and/or other input device. The signalprocessing and/or control circuits 652 and/or other circuits (not shown)in the phone 650 may process data, perform coding and/or encryption,perform calculations, format data and/or perform other cellular phonefunctions.

The cellular phone 650 may communicate with mass data storage 664 thatstores data in a nonvolatile manner such as optical and/or magneticstorage devices (for example, hard disk drives [HDDs] and/or DVDs). TheHDD may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having adiameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8″. The cellular phone 650may be connected to memory 666 such as RAM, ROM, nonvolatile memory suchas flash memory and/or other suitable electronic data storage.Embodiments of the present invention may also implement one or morewireless communication interfaces 668 for wireless local area networking(WLAN), wireless personal area networking (WPAN) and/or other wirelesscommunication.

Referring now to FIG. 6D, embodiments of the present invention can beimplemented in a set top box 680. Embodiments of the present inventionmay implement either or both signal processing and/or control circuits,which are generally identified in FIG. 6D at 684, a WLAN interfaceand/or mass data storage of the set top box 680. The set top box 680receives signals from a source such as a broadband source and outputsstandard and/or high definition audio/video signals suitable for adisplay 688 such as a television and/or monitor and/or other videoand/or audio output devices. The signal processing and/or controlcircuits 684 and/or other circuits (not shown) of the set top box 680may process data, perform coding and/or encryption, performcalculations, format data and/or perform any other set top box function.

The set top box 680 may communicate with mass data storage 690 thatstores data in a nonvolatile manner. The mass data storage 690 mayinclude optical and/or magnetic storage devices (for example, hard diskdrives [HDDs] and/or DVDs). The HDD may be a mini HDD that includes oneor more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately1.8″. The set top box 680 may be connected to memory 694 such as RAM,ROM, nonvolatile memory such as flash memory and/or other suitableelectronic data storage Embodiments of the present invention may alsoimplement one or more wireless communication interfaces 696 for wirelesslocal area networking (WLAN), wireless personal area networking (WPAN)and/or other wireless communication.

Referring now to FIG. 6D, embodiments of the present invention can beimplemented in a media player 500. Embodiments of the present inventionmay implement either or both signal processing and/or control circuits,which are generally identified in FIG. 6E at 504, a wireless interfaceand/or mass data storage of the media player 500. In someimplementations, the media player 500 includes a display 507 and/or auser input 508 such as a keypad, touchpad and the like. In someimplementations, the media player 500 may employ a graphical userinterface (GUI) that typically employs menus, drop down menus, iconsand/or a point-and-click interface via the display 507 and/or user input508. The media player 500 further includes an audio output 509 such as aspeaker and/or audio output jack. The signal processing and/or controlcircuits 504 and/or other circuits (not shown) of the media player 500may process data, perform coding and/or encryption, performcalculations, format data and/or perform any other media playerfunction.

The media player 500 may communicate with mass data storage 510 thatstores data such as compressed audio and/or video content in anonvolatile manner. In some implementations, the compressed audio filesinclude files that are compliant with MP3 format or other suitablecompressed audio and/or video formats. The mass data storage may includeoptical and/or magnetic storage devices (for example, hard disk drives[HDDs] and/or DVDs). The HDD may be a mini HDD that includes one or moreplatters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8″. Themedia player 500 may be connected to memory 514 such as RAM, ROM,nonvolatile memory such as flash memory and/or other suitable electronicdata storage. Embodiments of the present invention may also implementone or more wireless communication interfaces 716 for wireless localarea networking (WLAN), wireless personal area networking (WPAN) and/orother wireless communication.

Referring now to FIG. 6F, embodiments of the present invention can beimplemented in a wireless adapter 720. Embodiments of the presentinvention may implement either or both signal processing and/or controlcircuits 722, and/or one or more wireless communication interfaces 728for wireless local area networking (WLAN), wireless personal areanetworking (WPAN) and/or other wireless communication. Wireless adapter720 generally provides one or more wireless network interfaces to a hostdevice over a data communication bus such as Universal Serial Bus (USB),Secure Digital Input Output (SDIO), etc. Still other implementations inaddition to those described above are contemplated.

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY

Thus, embodiments of the present invention include circuits,architectures, systems, methods, algorithms, and software and/orfirmware for arbitrating media access requests from multiple wirelesscommunication protocol components. Embodiments of present inventionadvantageously provide for more reliable arbitration of media accessrequests from multiple wireless communication protocol components duringand after power saving modes of operation.

The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the presentinvention have been presented for purposes of illustration anddescription. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously manymodifications and variations are possible in light of the aboveteaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to bestexplain the principles of the invention and its practical application,to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize theinvention and various embodiments with various modifications as aresuited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scopeof the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and theirequivalents.

1. A circuit for arbitrating media access requests from a plurality ofwireless components, said circuit comprising: a request processingcircuit configured to: set a positive media access grant output for afirst wireless component of said plurality of wireless components justprior to the request processing circuit entering a power saving mode ofoperation; while the request processing circuit exits said power savingmode of operation, determine a waking media access state of said firstwireless component, wherein: a first value of said media access statecorresponds to a determination of a presence of signal activity betweensaid first wireless component and an antenna at a time of the requestprocessing circuit exiting the power saving mode, and a second value ofsaid media access state corresponds to a determination of an absence ofsaid signal activity at the time of the request processing circuitexiting the power saving mode; and process media access requests fromsaid plurality of wireless components based on said waking media accessstate of said first wireless component.
 2. The circuit of claim 1,wherein said request processing circuit is further configured to entersaid power saving mode of operation in response to a power mode of asecond wireless component of said plurality of wireless components. 3.The circuit of claim 2, wherein said request processing circuit isfurther configured to operate in a shared clock domain with said secondwireless component.
 4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein one or more clocksignals in said shared clock domain are stopped during said power savingmode of operation.
 5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein said waking mediaaccess state of said first wireless component further corresponds to atransmit and/or receive direction of said signal activity and/or apriority of said signal activity.
 6. The circuit of claim 1, whereinsaid request processing circuit is further configured to process saidmedia access grant outputs according to a first arbitration protocol inresponse to said first value of said media access state and according tosaid second arbitration protocol in response to said second value ofsaid media access state.
 7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein said firstarbitration protocol comprises favoring said first wireless component.8. The circuit of claim 6, wherein said request processing circuit isfurther configured to arbitrate said media access requests according tosaid second arbitration protocol after said signal activity ends.
 9. Thecircuit of claim 1, wherein a second wireless component of saidplurality of wireless components comprises a wireless local area network(WLAN) protocol component.
 10. The circuit of claim 9, wherein saidrequest processing circuit is configured to enter said power saving modeof operation in response to a sleep mode of said WLAN protocol componentduring a delivery traffic indication message (DTIM) interval.
 11. Thecircuit of claim 10, wherein said request processing circuit isconfigured to exit said power saving mode of operation in response to awake mode of said WLAN protocol component, wherein said WLAN protocolcomponent is configured to enter said wake mode to listen for a DTIMbeacon.
 12. The circuit of claim 10, wherein said request processingcircuit is further configured to pre-assert a WLAN grant request tolisten for said DTIM beacon in response to said wake mode.
 13. Thecircuit of claim 1, wherein said first wireless component comprises aBluetooth component.
 14. The circuit of claim 13, wherein said requestprocessing circuit is further configured to predict said waking mediaaccess state based on a Bluetooth data link type and/or a Bluetoothprofile supported by said Bluetooth component.
 15. The circuit of claim1, further comprising a signal activity monitoring circuit configured tomonitor said signal activity between said first wireless component andan antenna.
 16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein: said signal activitymonitoring circuit is configured to operate during said power savingmode of operation of said request processing circuit; and said requestprocessing circuit is configured to determine said waking media accessstate based on an output of said signal activity monitoring circuit. 17.The circuit of claim 15, wherein said signal activity monitoring circuitis configured to: store information about said signal activity in amemory during a normal mode of operation of said request processingcircuit; and sleep during said power saving mode of operation of saidrequest processing circuit.
 18. The circuit of claim 17, furthercomprising an analysis circuit configured to analyze said storedinformation to predict said waking media access state.
 19. An integratedcircuit device comprising the circuit of claim
 1. 20. An apparatus fortransmitting and receiving radio frequency signals, said apparatuscomprising: the circuit for arbitrating media access requests of claim1; and said plurality of wireless components.
 21. A method forarbitrating media access requests from a plurality of wirelesscomponents, said method comprising: setting, by an arbiter, a positivemedia access grant indicator for a first wireless component of saidplurality of wireless components just prior to the arbiter entering apower saving mode of operation; while the arbiter exits said powersaving mode of operation, determining a waking media access state ofsaid first wireless component, wherein: a first value of said mediaaccess state corresponds to a determination of a presence of signalactivity between said first wireless component and an antenna, and asecond value of said media access state corresponds to a determinationof an absence of said signal activity; and processing, at the arbiter,media access requests from said plurality of wireless components basedon said waking media access state of said first wireless component. 22.The method of claim 21, further comprising causing the arbiter to entersaid power saving mode of operation in response to a power mode of asecond wireless component of said plurality of wireless components. 23.The method of claim 21, wherein said waking media access state of saidfirst wireless component further corresponds to a transmit and/orreceive direction of said signal activity, and to a priority of saidsignal activity.
 24. The method of claim 23, further comprisingprocessing said media access requests according to a first arbitrationprotocol in response to said first value of said media access state andaccording to a second arbitration protocol in response to said secondvalue of said media access state.
 25. The method of claim 24, whereinsaid first arbitration protocol comprises favoring said first wirelesscomponent.
 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising processingsaid media access grant requests according to said second arbitrationprotocol after said signal activity ends.
 27. The method of claim 21,wherein said first wireless component comprises a Bluetooth componentand a second wireless component of said plurality of wireless componentscomprises a wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol component. 28.The method of claim 27, further comprising: causing the arbiter to entersaid power saving mode of operation in response to a sleep mode of saidWLAN protocol component during a delivery traffic indication message(DTIM) interval; and causing the arbiter to exit said power saving modeof operation in response to a wake mode of said WLAN protocol component,wherein said WLAN protocol component is configured to enter said wakemode to listen for a DTIM beacon.
 29. A computer-readable mediumcomprising computer-readable instructions adapted to perform the methodof claim
 21. 30. A programmable integrated circuit device configured toperform the method of claim
 21. 31. A computer-readable mediumcomprising instructions adapted to configure an integrated circuitdevice to perform the method of claim 21.